For some questions, the assertive end of the scale. In this study, its aimed to study assertiveness level of college students who is doing. Use this questionnaire by following these guidelines. Pdf a regional analysis of assertiveness researchgate. Burkholder university of rhode island four studies were conducted to develop and validate the sexual assertiveness scale sas, a measure. The scale was administered to elementary and middle school children n609 and readministered to students n164 to assess testretest reliability. Rathus provides a handson approach in the chronologically organized childhood. Grade averages of teacher candidates were recorded by researchers and the success intervals determined by the status of eastern mediterranean university 4.
Prior work indicates items for the rathus assertiveness. Rathus assertiveness scale and mental health inventory by srivastava a. Some of the rass items were based on social situations included in different. Rathus assertiveness schedule and rosenberg selfesteem scale were used to assess the assertiveness and selfesteem in adolescents. Mcfall and lillesand, 1971, the rathus assertiveness scale.
Behavior therapy 1973 4, 398406 a 30item schedule for assessing assertive behavior1 spencer a. Im looking for a good short scale to measure assertiveness. Items in most assertiveness scales generally ask how thoughts or feelings are expressed, or inquire about concrete actions, such as, i complain about poor service in restaurants and elsewhere rathus, 1973. Metropolitan respondents reported significantly higher levels of. The rathus assertiveness scale raswas designed to measure a persons level of assertiveness.
Examined the predictive validity and construct equivalence of the three major procedures used to measure assertive behavior. The reliability and validity and an item analysis of the resultant in strument, the rathus assertiveness schedule ras, are. Effect of sport education on stress and assertiveness of middle. He is the author of the widely used rathus assertiveness schedule and has written several college textbooks, including psych, hdev, aids. Pdf adaptive and aggressive assertiveness scales aaas. Rathus provides a handson approach in the chronologically organized childhood and adolescence. Giving employees critical feedback, negotiating with vendors, sticking up for your people or your budgettheyre all communications situations that require a certain amount of assertiveness. Assertive behaviour and self esteem among adolescent girls rani s. Rathus assertiveness schedule and college selfexpression. The development of an instrument to measure assertiveness of. Scores on individual rathus assertiveness schedule and college selfexpression scale items were correlated with ratings of performance in situations requiring the expression of positive assertion, and with total rathus assertiveness schedule and college selfexpression scale scores to assess the validity of these instruments in predicting. The rathus assertiveness schedule ras, one of the most widely used assessments, is a 30item instrument that uses a sixpoint likert scale to measure characteristics associated with aggressiveness and assertiveness rathus, 1973. Previously it has been used with outpatients, institutionalized adults, or with college students. Pdf assertiveness among undergraduate students of the.
A 30item schedule for measuring assertiveness is presented. For some questions, the assertive end of the scale is at 0, for others at 3. Data were collected using the rathus assertiveness scale and the coopersmith selfesteem scale. Development and evaluation of a modified brief assertiveness. His areas of interest include psychological assessment, cognitive behavior therapy, and deviant behavior. He is the originator of the rathus assertiveness schedule, which has become a. Assessing assertive behavior table 1 rathus assertiveness schedule 399 directions. The 30item rathus assertiveness schedule was modified for the seventhgrade population using the method of peer ratings. Indicate how characteristic or descriptive each of the following statements is of you by using the code given below. An investigation of the validity and reliability of the. In the rathus assertiveness inventory rai, as it specified in the guidelines of the scale, each item.
Read standardization of the rathus assertiveness schedule, journal of clinical psychology on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. A 15item questionnaire was also constructed by adapting 15 assertive rights from jakubowski. Analysis of scores revealed adequate reliability and a potentially useful factor structure. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. It should be noted that this is not necessarily an indication of a lack of reliability or validity within a. Human sexuality in a world of diversity rathus chapter 6.
Human sexuality in a world of diversity rathus chapter 6 multiple choice question with answers. Further controlled trials with longer followup periods are required in order to address the limitations of this study. The deal method for improving assertiveness a step by step process for approaching situations where you want to express yourself better or raise a difficult issue in a relationship. Rathus received his phd from the university at albany. Using his proven pedagogical approach, interspersed with personal and humorous stories, rathus. Assertiveness may be defined as the ability to express ones beliefs, wants, or feelings in a selfassured and direct manner. I have combed through acad and acrobat with no luck. The effectiveness of assertiveness training on the levels of. The assertiveness construct, at that time, was the equivalent to the construct later known as social skills caballo 1997. Handout assertiveness scale self assessment last one head.
In the context of education, assertiveness may be defined as the ability to express ones beliefs, wants, or feelings in a selfassured and direct manner. Spence rathus is a veteran author who, in addition to his intro and development books with thomson learning, publishes texts in adjustment and abnormal psychology with other publishers. All you have to do is draw a circle around the number that describes you best. The first step is to list the situations in which you would like to be more assertive. Some of the rass items were based on social situations included in different questionnaires while some other items were suggested by. A 15 item questionnaire was also constructed by adapting 15 assertive rights from jakubowski. Assertiveness starts with an inner attitude of valuing yourself as much as you value others. Functional assertiveness is a new concept of assertiveness that represents a method of appropriate selfexpression. Another tool was rathus assertiveness scheduleit is a standardized tool for. This resource shows how assertiveness can be considered on a scale with aggression and passivity. To determine the level of assertiveness, 30 items rathus assertiveness inventory, which is developed by rathus 1977 and translated to turkish by voltan1980 was used. Abstract this study aimed to examine the relationship between assertiveness and selfesteem in adolescents, including both athletes and nonathletes.
Assertiveness formative questionnaire technical report. The 5 assertiveness training methods or approaches which are set out in the ebook are. However, offenders were found to achievehigher ras scores than previously reported for college students and other normative groups. It is also an instrument for measuring behavioural change in assertion training. More importantly, however, they recognize there is a basic human dimension to. A 30item schedule for assessing assertive behavior. I find the ras raths assertiveness scale too close to aggression. This can be used in a variety of ways to support assertive behaviour and assertive communication as. Use of the rathus assertiveness schedule with offenders. To me, the videotaped treatmentwas the important featureofmy research. However, if the concept of functional assertiveness were competence, then each item would include questions about the degrees to. Higher scores on both subscales were associated with increases in assertiveness and masculinity as measured by the rathus schedule and the bem inventory.
Profile of author eric garner eric garner is an experienced management trainer with a knack for bringing the best out of individuals and teams. S is explored in order to provide qualitative interpretation criteria. The results support the interpretation of the selfefficacy scale as a measure of expectancies of personal ability to initiate and persist in the performance of behaviors. Blanchard state university of new york at albany rathus 1973 has recently described a selfreport scale for measuring assertive behavior, the rathus assertiveness schedule ras. One way to gain insight into how assertive you are is to take the following selfreport test of assertive behavior. Compulsive eating scale 386 d m kagan and r l squires. In this study, rathus assertiveness schedule and rotter locus of control scale were used for data collection. Plotting from autocad 2k5 directly printer works fine. Self assessment last one head last one head 42 42 the rathus assertiveness schedule how assertive. Developed in collaboration with the united states department of agricultures national institute of food and agriculture through a cooperative agreement with the university of minnesota. Psych 4 with online printed access card edition 4 by. The table below indicates their distribution according to the 4 considered attitudes. Correlation of the modified rathus assertiveness schedule with peer ratings established validity in three of the four experimental populations p rathus assertiveness schedule and the personal report of communication apprehension24.
The ras measures both the impression that the respondent makes on o ther people and behaviors in specific situations where assertiveness and outgoing behavior are necessary rathus, 1973. This can be used in a variety of ways to support assertive behaviour and assertive communication as part of social skills. The rathus assertiveness schedule ras is a 30item selfreport instrument designed by rathus to measure assertiveness. The participants were adolescents n1006 aged 12 to 14 years, residing in izmir, turkey. Technical report overview what this questionnaire measures. Behavior therapy 10, 571574 1979 a note on the clinical utility of the rathus assertiveness scale edward b. This study used the 30item rathus assertiveness schedule ras. This research was an attempt to determine the usefullness of the rathus assertiveness schedule with preadolescent and early adolescent students. Described an assertiveness scale for children developed to assess four dimensions of assertiveness across three categories of interpersonal situations. In abnormal psychology in a changing world, nevid, rathus, and greene endeavor to bring these advances to students in a way that both stimulates interest and makes complex material understandable. Assertiveness training how to be assertive 5 methods. One way to gain insight into how assertive you are is to take the following self report test of assertive behavior. If information on a particular psychometric was not found, it is indicated as no information provided.
Rathus is known for his warm, encouraging writing style and applied approach to learning. The present study investigated the validity and reliability of the rathus assertion schedule. The rathus assertiveness scale raswas designed to measure a. Scales of assertiveness when people with different thoughts and sensibilities are put in some situation, they exhibit behavior that vary from one to another.
Youll notice this is the same tip we give for helping with a. Measures of assertiveness that existed at the time were considered outdated. The ras provides a score and a percentile for interpretation. What every student needs to know, human sexuality in a changing world, abnormal psychology in a changing world, and. Information on reliability and validity are provided below. What every student needs to know, human sexuality in a changing world, abnormal psychology in a changing world, and childhood and adolescence. Eric ej253487 the assertiveness scale for children. The rathus assertiveness schedule ras was administered to a sample of young adult male offenders. Assertiveness scale verbal behaviors slower pace of speech faster less quantity of speech more quieter volume of speech louder nonverbal behaviors relaxed use of hands directive lean back body posture lean forward less direct eye contact more responsiveness scale verbal behaviors more controlling monotone task facts data emotion subjects form of. To study the effectiveness of assertiveness training on self esteem and assertive. The linkage between assertiveness and apprehension about communication, as. Voyages in development, fifth edition, augments your goal of helping students understand the link between developmental theories and research and their application to everyday life. Jan 02, 2016 the result of eybergs study on high school teenagers concerning the effectiveness of assertiveness training on the anxiety experienced in the control and experimental groups indicated that like the control group, the experiment group did not show any difference in the amount of anxiety experienced. Selfreport, behavioral roleplaying, and invivo assessment.
Splithalf reliability scores are of moderate to high acceptability n108, 0. Assertiveness behaviour of undergraduate students by. The adapted scale as well as the normalized standard scores, and t scores are also provided. Every time that you answered rather true to a given question, you can add 1 point to the. Readers are cautioned that the findings of this study must be qualified by the replacement of the sixpoint scale on the rathus instrument with a fivepoint scale. Majority of the adolescents were moderately assertive, 75% and 53. This singlegroup feasibility study demonstrated that our modified brief assertiveness training for nurses seems feasible and may achieve a favorable outcome in improving their assertiveness. Eric founded managetrainlearn in 1995 as a corporate training company in the uk specialising in the 20 skills that people need for professional and personal success today. Because assertiveness, more so than social anxiety, tends to be related to specific situations, you may want to devise a somewhat more detailed plan for change. The adaptive and aggressive assertiveness scales aaa s is composed of 19 scenarios that depict everyday interpersonal situations in which one might assert oneself. Rathus assertiveness schedule 1973 was used to measure. A note on the clinical utility of the rathus assertiveness scale.
Four studies were conducted to develop and validate the sexual assertiveness scale sas, a measure of sexual assertiveness in women that consists of factors measuring initiation, refusal, and pregnancysexually transmitted disease prevention assertiveness. In terms of validity results indicated that scores of external raters, unaware of their subjects selfevaluations, correlated significantly with their subjects assertion scores. Assertiveness is a marker of selfefficacy and a key component of. Original article a study on assertiveness level of. The ras is a thirty item schedule that was developed for measuring assertiveness.
The rathus assertiveness schedule and the perceived stress scale for children were used as data collection tools, and a questionnaire was administered to. View homework help handout assertiveness scale from sowk 5303 at east tennessee state university. For some questions the assertive end of the scale is at 0, for others at 4. The only score is your own evaluation of how you close you actually come to your own ideal level of assertiveness. The relation between assertiveness levels, locus of. We present data from two student samples and an adult clinical sample intended to examine the psychometric properties, as well as the convergent and discriminant validity, of a new assertiveness instrument, the adaptive and aggressive assertiveness scales aaas. Standardization of the rathus assertiveness schedule, journal.
You can use the items on the rathus scale as a guide. You might want to use the results as a guide in planning your own personal growth program and. We would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us. Aug 12, 2017 the rathus assertiveness scale raswas designed to measure a persons level of assertiveness. Psychology psych, 4thedition 9780176873981 spencer a.
390 778 903 566 954 981 939 1142 807 454 264 1235 1089 880 1549 1436 1238 769 1577 956 267 1412 424 363 437 150 213 1273 1041 448 1236